Yield and Chemical Composition of Raw Material from Meadow Arnica (Arnica chamissonis Less.) Depending on Soil Conditions and Nitrogen Fertilization

Considering the global tendency towards using valuable secondary metabolites of plant origin, there is a need to optimize cultivation herbal plants, e.g., meadow arnica (A. chamissonis Less.). The inflorescences this species (Arnicae anthodium) have similar chemical composition and pharmacological activity that in mountain (Arnica montana L.), can be cultivated more easily than arnica. Therefore study assesses soil fertilization effects on flower head yield concentrations active substances (sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, essential oil) with great importance for application pharmaceutical cosmetic industries. A field experiment was carried out during 2017–2019 two types (sandy loamy soils) differing pH values, organic matter content, P, K, Mg levels. Five levels nitrogen were applied both variants: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg N∙ha−1. showed type had positive impact raw material content main substances. favorable—it provided higher yield, sesquiterpene oils, consequently, these metabolites. High yields achieved at doses 60 90 lactones oils increased consecutive years along increase doses. highest flavonoids detected heads obtained from three-year-old plants fertilized 90–120 N∙ha−1, whereas 60–90 N∙ha−1 ensured high flavonoids. oil did not depend their concentration but correlated sandy variants. In turn, influenced by yield. presented indicate favorable climatic conditions A. Central Eastern Poland. This proves wide range pharmacologically produced region Europe.